Emerald: Journal of Economics and Social Sciences
Emerald Journal of Economics and Social Sciences is open access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing original research papers on economics and social sciences. The journal accepts rigorous empirical or theoretical research papers using any methodologies or approaches relevant to the economics and social sciences topics, as long as the research falls into one of three primary disciplines: economics and social sciences.
STRATEGI ADAPTASI IKLIM UNI EROPA DI TENGAH TANTANGAN PERANG RUSIA-UKRAINA TAHUN 2022
The Russia-Ukraine war of 2022 presents a significant challenge to the European Union's (EU) climate adaptation strategy. This article examines the implications of war on the EU's efforts to tackle climate change and highlights the need to achieve a sustainable energy security balance. This shift in coal use has a detrimental effect on climate adaptation and exacerbates the EU's vulnerability to climate change. To address these issues, the EU must redouble its efforts to prevent new security risks, seek sustainable energy alternatives, and strengthen international partnerships to support other countries in the energy transition. By taking these steps, the EU can navigate the complex landscape of energy security and sustainability while working to achieve its climate adaptation goals.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agus Nilmada Azmi, Siti Zulhaiziah Azalea Zahfira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN HILIRISASI BAHAN MENTAH INDONESIA TERHADAP UNI EROPA
The Indonesian government stipulated changes to the nickel raw material export policy based on the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Regulation No.11 of 2019 on Law No.3 of 2020, an amendment to Law No.4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. The policy change received a response from the European Union (EU) by suing Indonesia to the WTO and launching an Enforcement Regulation consultation as a follow-up to the WTO lawsuit. Using a descriptive analysis method, this paper aims to answer how the impact of Indonesia's nickel raw material downstreaming policy on the EU, which has been getting raw material supplies from Indonesia. To answer this, this paper uses the national interest approach. As a result, the EU responds to the policy because it is related to the dependence on the supply of nickel raw materials, especially in the steel industry and environmentally friendly technology to achieve emission reduction targets through electric vehicle batteries. This is an effort by the EU to achieve and protect national interests, namely economic and environmental interests that depend on the supply of nickel raw materials.
Copyright (c) 2024 Robi Sugara, Syarah Shabrina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
UPAYA NORMALISASI HUBUNGAN JEPANG DAN KOREA SELATAN MELALUI MEKANISME KERJASAMA KEAMANAN PERIODE 2021-2022
Japan and South Korea have traces of disharmonious relations since after Japan won the war with Russia in the period February 1904-September 1905 and the war between China and Japan in August 1894-April 1895. The relationship between the two was exacerbated by the disputed conflict on the islands of Dokdo and Takeshima. Therefore, during the reigns of Shinzo Abe and Moon Jae-in, efforts were made to normalize relations, which was marked by the formation of the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea. In the midst of normalization efforts, the Shinzo Abe administration, relations have become tense again due to Japan's conservative policy of tightening the export of chemicals from South Korea's semiconductor industry. This fact is a challenge for security cooperation between the two countries to worsen. This was responded by Fumio Kishida and Yoon Suk Yeol by joining the US through trilateral security cooperation. This article is analyzed using two concepts, namely, the concept of defense diplomacy and the concept of national security. The research method used through a qualitative approach is descriptive and explanatory. The results found that efforts to normalize relations between the two countries through the security cooperation mechanism turned out to be more focused on strengthening the military by forming an alliance with the United States (US).
Copyright (c) 2024 Rahmi Fitriyanti, Aurora Saubil Navira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
SOCIAL MEDIA CAPABILITIES AND MILITARY AFFAIRS USING PROPAGANDA AND TABAYYUN IN THE DIGITAL WARFARE
This study explores the modern military theory to understand more regarding the revolution of social media in determining the narrative to win war in the digital warfare and the anticipation. What capabilities should the military hold to make sure the favorable outcome in the digital competitiveness environment. The anticipation of the narrative battle comes from the Islamic teaching tabayyun. The study used qualitative analysis as method, and collecting data through various text, video, sound and picture from the internet such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram and Tik Tok. The finding shows that propaganda is already in play in the traditional warfare. During this digital era, propaganda is used not only through main stream media, but also dominant in social media. Soldier should be battling not only in the physical battlefield but also in the virtual digital space. To answer those challenge, soldier should be equipped with a better tool, improving military tactics, techniques, and procedures in integrating social media capabilities. Also empowering individual soldiers and allowing small units to synchronize their action making every soldier a narrative agents and content creators.
Copyright (c) 2024 Febri Dirgantara Hasibuan, Afried Lazuardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
RESPON INDONESIA TERHADAP KRISIS PENGUNGSI ROHINGYA PERIODE 2022-2023
This article reviews Indonesia's response to the Rohingya refugee crisis in 2022-2023. The main focus is on government policies, humanitarian efforts and their impact on regional relations. An in-depth analysis of the specific steps taken by the Indonesian government in dealing with the crisis was carried out by examining the latest information. This article also explains Indonesia's diplomatic efforts to gather international support to resolve the Rohingya problem. In addition, this research describes the situation of Rohingya refugees in Indonesia, including the challenges and solutions they face during the integration process. The results of the analysis provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of Indonesia's steps in dealing with the Rohingya refugee crisis and its impact on Indonesia's status and role in the local context. In conclusion, this article provides an overview of Indonesia's response to the Rohingya refugee crisis, thus contributing to international understanding of Indonesia's response to this community crisis.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Ali Fikri, Ahmad Ali Fikri, Jihan Mayola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
PRINSIP BEBAS-AKTIF INDONESIA PADA PRESIDENSI G20 TAHUN 2022
The Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs revealed that the polarization of the international structure and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in January 2022 have become challenges in gaining consensus on various commitments for Indonesia's G20 presidency in 2022. The conflict also has the potential to reduce soft power in an attempt to build branding to achieve national interests. This research uses a literature study method through the analysis of foreign policy documents, official speeches, and various supporting documents that explain the steps implemented by the Indonesian government in the G20 Presidency. In the G20 Presidency, Indonesia applied the principle of free and active (Bebas- Aktif) in embracing every group, handling the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, and achieving various national interests. During the G20 Presidency, Indonesia also implemented a multilateral approach in order to promote regional stability by paying attention to cross-security issues and peace efforts. The implementation of the free-active principle in the G20 Presidency aims to fulfill Indonesia's national interest in the welfare of society.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agus Nilmada Azmi, Raisya Bintang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
SANKSI EKONOMI AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP IRAN PERIODE 2018–2020 DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEOREALISME
Good relations between the United States (US) and Iran turned complex due to the important events of the 28 Mordad Coup in 1952, the 1979 Iranian Revolution, as well as disputes between the two countries regarding the issue of Iran's nuclear program. This research also explains the impact of US economic sanctions on Iran's economic conditions. However, Iran's response to these sanctions has shown to be ineffective in stopping Iran's nuclear uranium enrichment activities. The Neorealism Perspective is used as a reference in analyzing US economic sanctions against Iran for the 2018–2020 period. Meanwhile, the approach is using a qualitative research method which analysis is focused on gaining a deeper understanding of US economic sanctions against Iran based on the Neorealism Perspective. The findings obtained based on Neorealism show that the emergence of distrust between Iran and the US is due to the absence of authority in the international system. Neorealism views US economic sanctions against Iran during the 2018–2020 period as part of international political dynamics that arise from power competition in an anarchic international system. According to the Neorealism Perspective, large countries such as the US tend to use economic sanctions as a tool to influence other countries and defend their national security interests.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rahmi Fitriyanti, Adre Alir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
PAMALI AS A REPRESENTATION OF MYSTICAL LOGIC IN GEN Z
This study is trying to explore how gen z views Pamali as a representation of mystical logic. Based on Tan Malaka's theory regarding mystical logic, research was carried out to see whether gen z considers Pamali to be a representation of mystical logic. Simply because it contains elements of obscurity and occultism that cannot be empirically proven. The research was conducted using a qualitative research method using open and closed questionnaires to understand the thought of the 30 Gen Z selected from the sample. The results show that gen z thinks Pamali is a representation of mystical logic.
Copyright (c) 2024 Awlia Dwi Rachma, Rasya Nur Rasyida Hasibuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
CHINA DIGITAL SILK ROAD INITIATIVES DUE TO GEO POLITICS AND GEOECONOMIC IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA OF ASEAN REGION
This study is trying to seeks a more understanding regarding the China Digital Silk Road Initiatives whether is it due to Geopolitics or Geoeconomics reason. Qualitative methodology is used to describe and interpret to generate a more understanding towards China initiatives, strategy and future cooperation or conflict. The finding of this study suggest that China is using their digital silk and road initiative as an umbrella term, both to grasp their interest in geopolitics and geoeconomics. This finding explains the specific pattern of China initiative, strategy, cooperation and conflict in the south China sea region.
Copyright (c) 2024 Febri Dirgantara Hasibuan, Rahmad Cherry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
IMPLEMENTASI GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DEMOKRATIS DALAM ORGANISASI
The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of leadership styles that can be carried out by leaders in organizations. This research method is qualitative with a Grounded Theory approach. Data collection techniques with documentation studies and data processing techniques with reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed the implementation of the first idealized influence democratic leadership style, leaders are able to contribute good thoughts through decision-making in achieving the vision of the organization. Second, inspirational motivation, leaders are able to encourage themselves and their subordinates to work according to the standards contained in the organization. Third, intellectual stimulation, the leader is able to move subordinates to continue to be creative by giving new and creative ideas that the leader has. The four individual considerations, leaders are able to appreciate and accept input and criticism from subordinates and appreciate the performance of subordinates.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aviana Noer Zubaida, Chasan Maruf, Afried Lazuardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
BRICS SIX AND THE HEGEMONIC STABILITY THEORY
This research is focusing to identify BRICS SIX as a potential hegemon in the form of institution rather than a dominant country in the theory of hegemonic stability. Singular dominant power in the political, economic and military according to hegemonic stability theory can ensure the stability of the international system. Surely this gap is fruitful to understand more regarding the United States dominant power are being challenge by the BRICS SIX member countries as a multipolar in terms of hegemonic stability. By using a qualitative method, this research finds that China is the dominant power economically within the BRICS, yet the power are being transmitted to multipolar towards the member country. For example, the new gold standard of the BRICS, are proposed to the global world as an institutional rule, rather than promoting China renminbi.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dani Setiawan, Muhammad Salim Alatas, Nathaniela Dinda Azalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
IMPLEMENTATION OF CEDAW DUE TO HUMAN RIGHT AND EDUCATION DISCRIMINATION REGARDING DALIT WOMAN IN INDIA
The focus of this research it to understand the problem in implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) due to human right and education discrimination regarding Dalit woman in India. This research is using International Law, Human security and human right education concept to analyze the problem. Qualitative method is chosen to accommodate a more understanding of the social phenomena rather than numbers. Data are collected through literature review from a vary resource. The finding of this research is that India society interacted in hierarchies. Historically, the Hindu caste is divided into four categories, but there is still the lowest caste level, known as Dalit. Discrimination of Dalit’s is normally practice because they are considered a group that does not have Varma. Dalit’s are often subjected to inhumane treatment, even being excluded from everyday life including the right to have education. The majority of Dalit women have experienced one or more incidents of violence, such as verbal abuse, physical assault, sexual harassment, rape, and domestic violence. The implementation of CEDAW in India is not the main reference in its national law. This is because there are several articles that are reserved by the Indian government, even though it has been ratified and included as international law.
Copyright (c) 2023 Febri D. Hasibuan, Rizky Annisa Sabrina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
PERAN NEGARA TURKI DALAM MENGURANGI KEMISKINAN DI SOMALIA
Turkey's role in helping reduce poverty in Somalia is a form of humanitarian solidarity between countries. The poverty that occurs in Somalia is quite a big disaster and has not been completely resolved. The impacts resulting from this disaster include a food crisis or scarcity that claimed many lives and an estimated 1.5 million children experienced malnutrition. Turkey's relations with Somalia are close enough that Turkey decided to provide assistance to Somalia. The assistance provided by Turkey is in the form of humanitarian assistance in the form of money, food and medical treatment. Then development assistance takes the form of infrastructure projects in the health, education and economic sectors as well as providing financial incentives to import goods and services from sending countries to receiving countries and usually takes the form of certain projects. This research uses the concept of foreign aid and looks at the national interests of the two countries, both Turkey and Somalia. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method using descriptive analysis. The data collection method uses a literature review method using secondary data.te
Copyright (c) 2023 Gefarina Djohan, Nayla Rafika Ridwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
BERGABUNGNYA KEMBALI AS DALAM KESEPAKATAN NUKLIR IRAN JCPOA (Perbedaan Kepemimpinan antara Presiden Trump dan Presiden Biden) Tahun 2022
The JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) agreement, also known as the Iranian nuclear agreement, was officially agreed in 2015 in Vienna, Austria and signed by Iran with the Permanent Member States of the UN Security Council plus Germany and the EU. In contrast to his predecessor, in 2018 President Donald Trump declared that the United States was leaving JCPOA membership. This action drew public criticism and was deemed inappropriate in relation to the impact of Iran's increasing nuclear weapons development activities. So, Joe Biden in the 2020 general election campaign stated that he would restore the United States' membership with the Iran nuclear deal if elected. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of Trump's decision to release the United States from membership in the JCPOA, how important the presence of the JCPOA is to maintain international nuclear peace, how Biden's efforts to restore the conflict between the United States and Iran, analyze the differences in the leadership styles of the two presidents from different parties. The research method used in this paper is a literature study by examining various journals, scientific papers, and the latest news on the United States presidency.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kiky Rizky, Fryadiva Meshia Sihabudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI VIETNAM TERHADAP PERDAGANGAN ANAK VIETNAM DI INGGRIS PERIODE 2017-2021
This article analyzes Vietnam's foreign policy towards Vietnamese child trafficking in the UK for the 2017-2021 period. There are two aspects studied. The first aspect of the issue of child trafficking that occurs in the UK, the process starts from Vietnam until it crosses the UK border. The second aspect analyzes the loss of life incident which shocked the international mass media. The analysis begins with Vietnam's foreign policy response to its population who are illegal workers and Britain's attitude in trying to anticipate the exploitation of human trafficking. The conceptual framework refers to the concepts of national interests and human security. The findings show that Vietnamese children are often targeted by perpetrators who cheat them out of work opportunities, but in reality they are exploited and sold to brothels to become sex workers in various countries, including the UK. To prevent this, Vietnam ratified the policy of the National Program for the Prevention and Eradication of Human Trafficking, established a Steering Committee for the Prevention and Eradication of Crime, implemented international cooperation in preventing and controlling human trafficking, and established an interdisciplinary working body. group and Steering Committee 138 coordinate with UN-ACT and related bodies in the UK. On the other hand, the UK is trying to collaborate with ECPAT.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rahmi Fitriyanti, Ridzky Farah Salsabila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
DAMPAK PROTEKSIONISME AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KONSTRUKTIVISME
The economic protectionism carried out by Trump has had both positive and negative impacts on countries in the world. This paper focuses on the positive impact of US protectionism on its cooperation with Indonesia based on a Constructivism Perspective. The approach used is a qualitative method using secondary data. The US protectionism policy carried out by Trump resulted in the outbreak of a trade war with China throughout the 2017-2020 period, where this succeeded in shocking the international community. During the crisis and world economic tensions, Indonesia managed to overcome a few of these things that it had a positive impact that benefited Indonesia, namely the transfer of several US-imported goods from China to Indonesia and the increasing interest of foreign investors in Indonesia. The analysis is carried out using the ontology of Constructivism which is divided into three, namely, historical, norms, and ideas built by Indonesia for the United States. Indonesia is advised to maintain good relations by building the right nation branding towards the US and China, even though Indonesia is not in favor of either of them.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rahmi Fitriyanti, Ammar Judistia, Julia Ulvatmi, Ratu Hanun T.W.A, Siti Nurhaliza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
PERLAWANAN MUSISI GAMBANG KROMONG TERHADAP DOMINASI INDUSTRI MUSIK MAINSTREAM
This research analyzes the efforts of gambang kromong musicians as a traditional music that has begun to be forgotten and eroded by the rapid development of the music industry. By using Anthony Giddens' structuration theory, this research will explain how the social practices that occur between the gambang kromong musicians as agents with the culture of public taste and the gambang kromong music standard as the structure. using qualitative research methods with interviews and observations as data collection techniques. The results show that the preservation of gambang kromong music becomes an awareness of the musicians as agents who produce an agency by using the enabling side of the existing structure. Social practice through 'music re-creation' is carried out by continuing to highlight the characteristics and identity of this music in its combination with global cultural elements as a form of exploration and innovation as well as a form of active resistance the dominating effects of the mainstream music industry.
Copyright (c) 2023 Kasyfiyullah, Hafidz Alfian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
KEBIJAKAN CHINA PASKA PERANG DAGANG, PANDEMIK DAN ANTISIPASI MENGHADAPI RESESI DUNIA TAHUN 2023
The increasing tension in trade relations between China and America has forced China to take steps to maintain the stability of China's economy, especially since China's economy has just recovered from the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, in facing the 2023 economic crisis, China has prepared policies to achieve its national interests, especially in the economic aspect. In analyzing China's foreign policy to deal with the 2023 economic problems, the foreign policy, and national interest concept is used as an approach from the perspective of Neoclassical Realism. The qualitative method is used, where data are collected through library research, by taking various sources and references to support this research. Data collection techniques are through listening and recording important information in conducting data analysis through data reduction. The findings in this paper are to push forward the BRI program and BRICS activation through geoeconomic strategy
Copyright (c) 2023 Febri Dirgantara Hasibuan, Azzahra Egidia Nuraini, Rama Maulana Putra, Anna Tasya Nur Fitriani, Andhiene Kartika Sudrajat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
MULTICULTURALISM, ISLAM AND ETHNIC’S DIVERSITY: THE CASE IN INDONESIA
This article examines the Islamic concepts of multiculturalism in connection with the fact that humans are created coming from various religious and cultural backgrounds. By taking the Indonesian context as the case study, the author explores how any attempts at implementing the multicultural values in the societies face obstacles and difficulties due to the high number of religious conflicts that occurred in many parts of the country. The author nevertheless presents some evidence that the Islamic propagation concepts developed by the main Indonesian Muslim organisations, that is Nahdhatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, can be used as the basis for the strengthening of multiculturalism in the Indonesian public sphere. In this article, the authors argues that the achievement of the Indonesian founding fathers in uniting hundreds of ethnic groups into one nation cannot be separated from Islamic beliefs they adhere to that promote moderate and inclusive values.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yusron Razak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Foreign policymaking is always strongly related to international politics and domestic situations. These two aspects become determinant factors for the making of foreign policy in a country. Based on this research, it should be asked whether Indonesia’s foreign policy, Bebas Aktif (free and active). Reflecting on the emergence of the politic of Bebas Aktif that has been used as the guideline of Indonesian foreign policy, significantly during the cold war, and the changes in international system as well as national politics, this article will analyze the performance of Indonesian foreign policy after the fall of Soeharto’s regime.
Copyright (c) 2023 Agus Nilmada Azmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
RENMINBI SEBAGAI PESAING KUAT DOLAR AS DI KAWASAN ASIA TENGGARA
The strengthening dominance of the US dollar in the Southeast Asian region has made countries in the region start to worry and try to release their dependence on this currency. This phenomenon is a great opportunity for China in carrying out its ambition to expand the influence of the renminbi (RMB) as a medium of exchange for international transactions, and one of the areas that count as a great concern to China in Southeast Asia. In achieving this ambition, China is continuously increasing its cooperation with countries in the Southeast Asian region, making the renminbi stronger to become inter-regional transactions between China and countries in Southeast Asia. This study aims to see how strong the renminbi's opportunity in Southeast Asia is to become a strong competitor for the US dollar. This study is using a qualitative method, through secondary data sources such as journals, scientific articles, and reports. The results of this study is to see has the renminbi succeeded in countering the US dollar’s dominance in the Southeast Asian region by increasing its cooperation with Southeast Asian countries, so that it can be called a strong competitor.
Copyright (c) 2022 Febri Dirgantara Hasibuan, Rahmad Cherry, Nurhaliza Rahma Damanik , Ananda Arifah Larasati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
KEBIJAKAN CONGRESSMAN MOONEY SEBAGAI STRATEGI MENGHADAPI KEKUATAN BRICS
The initiation of returning to the gold standard in the United States economy has been carried out by Congressman Alexander Mooney who represents West Virginia. The Bills intend to define the fixed exchange rates of the dollar as the total weight of gold in a country. The concept of theory Neo-Classical Realism was used to lead to the various aspects of background both internal and external to study the establishment of the bills. Congressman Mooney believed that the bills will be a solution to deal with inflationary conditions, the growth of national debt, and the instability of the ongoing monetary system. However, the bills seem to be also an affirmation from the United States in the international economy and maybe hamper the rise of the BRICS organization which currently gathering its strength in the world.
Copyright (c) 2022 Rahmi Fitriyanti, Azhar Fuad Nugraha, Nina Amalia, Rafi Baron Juliaqil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
UPAYA INTERNASIONALISASI RENMINBI MELALUI PROPOSAL PETROYUAN CHINA KE GCC
China's initiative in the Internationalization of Renminbi international trade transactions carried out by the Government of China by the launch of a pilot project, by starting to use yuan in international transaction activities in China's five main regions, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Dongguan. China also sees countries in the Middle East as a strategic position in establishing cooperation, especially in the oil and gas sector. From establishing cooperation through the GCC, China also cooperates with member countries, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Arab. The petroyuan has the opportunity to take a more prominent role in international trade to take over the petrodollar, given the weight of China's oil imports is increasing and imports from the United States are decreasing. In analyzing the internationalization of Renminbi, the author uses an approach through the theory of foreign policy and national interest. The author uses a qualitative research method, by taking and collecting various sources of literature as a reference.
Copyright (c) 2022 Agus Nilmada Azmi, Aunurrofiq, Reina Permata Hadikusuma, Tasya Naura Arivia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
HEGEMONI DOLAR DAN POTENSI KEMUNCULAN MATA UANG BRICS
This research focuses on the question of how there is the potential for the emergence of the BRICS currency. In this case, the emergence of the BRICS currency will lead to a renewal of the system in global monetary policy. The research methodology uses qualitative because this research is descriptive and uses analysis. The use of qualitative design aims to build understanding through explanations sourced from several literatures such as journals, books and articles. In order to answer the research questions, exchange rates and foreign policy are taken as analytical tools. After conducting research, it was found that the potential for the emergence of the BRICS currency was caused by long-standing dependence on US dollar hegemony, this was considered to only benefit the US, not developing countries. The BRICS currency is considered to have less potential because it requires a large financial infrastructure and has to be able to compete with the World Bank, so that the renminbi is deemed appropriate to become the BRICS currency. Several currency principles also play a role in determining whether or not a global currency is ideal, such as the factors of “safety, liquidity and returns”. In this case, the renminbi has not been able to balance these three factors so that if the meaning of the BRICS Currency is renminbi, then the renminbi cannot be used as a global reserve currency as a competitor to the US dollar, therefore the renminbi is ideal to be designated as Regional Currency in Asia
Copyright (c) 2022 Faisal Nurdin Idris, Achmad Maulana Dzaky , Rijalul Haq Fadhlurrahman, Silva Hafsari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
PENGARUH KUALITAS INTERAKSI, KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN, KUALITAS HASIL TERHADAP KEPUASAN PERGURUAN TINGGI KEAGAMAAN ISLAM SWASTA (PTKIS)
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa pengaruh kualitas interaksi, kualitas lingkungan, kualitas hasil terhadap kepuasan Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Swasta (PTKIS). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 55 sampel dan sumber data primer yang diolah dengan SPSS 25. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas interaksi (X1) secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan PTKIS (Y). Variabel kualitas lingkungan (X2) secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan PTKIS (Y). Variabel kualitas hasil (X3) secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan kepuasan PTKIS (Y). Variabel kualitas interaksi (X1), kualitas lingkungan (X2), dan kualitas hasil (X3) secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel kepuasan PTKIS (Y). Dilihat dari nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,875 yang berarti menunjukkan adanya korelasi (R) sebesar 0,864 yang berarti terdapat korelasi/hubungan yang sangat kuat antara variabel bebas yang terdiri dari kualitas interaksi, kualitas lingkungan, dan kualitas hasil secara bersama-sama dengan variabel terikatnya yakni kepuasan PTKIS. Besarnya coeficient of determination (adjusted R2) sebesar 0,710 yang berarti variabel bebas yang terdiri dari kualitas interaksi, kualitas lingkungan, dan kualitas hasil dapat memberikan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 73,2% kepada kepuasan PTKIS sedangkan sisanya 100% - 73,2% = 26,8% diterangkan oleh faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan ke dalam model penelitian ini.
Copyright (c) 2022 Afried Lazuardi, M. Ichwan Hamzah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/